ACHE and Alzheimer disease: We selected 9 clinical drugs of AD as control with different MOAs, including an AChE inhibitor (donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine), serotonin, and dopamine receptor antagonists (quetiapine, trifluperidol, and risperidone), NMDA receptor antagonist (memantine), neurotransmitter GABA regulator (piracetam), and antioxidant (Idebenone).