Topical mTOR inhibitor use was most commonly associated with the 11–17-years age group (OR, 1.96), the 0–2 years age group at diagnosis (1.44), TSC2 gene mutation (1.54), and the presence of manifestations such as renal cysts (1.52), angiomyolipoma (1.42), rhabdomyoma (1.60), retinal hamartoma (1.54), and ADHD (1.64) based on the univariate regression (Fig. 5). Here, TSC2 is linked to attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.