Results showed that the IgA+ strain exacerbated inflammation and reduced colon length, compared to the IgA- strain.7 Viladomiu and colleagues identified adherent- invasive E. coli (AIEC) strains in Crohn’s disease (CD) with and without associated spondyloarthritis (SpA).79 Although no significant differences were observed in terms of relative abundance between both groups, IgA+ E. coli was significantly enriched in CD patients with SpA, and those strains were also enriched in virulence genes, compared to CD strains from non-SpA patients. Here, CD79A is linked to Crohn disease.