The univariate analysis was conducted on the available data, showing that male, age, BMI, GGT, ALT, AST, ALB, GLB, TB, BUN, Scr, SUA, SUA/Scr ratio, FPG, TC, TG, and LDL-c were positively linked to the risk of NAFLD, and DBIL, eGFR, and HDL-c were negatively connected with the risk of NAFLD (Saw Additional file 2: Table S1 for detail). Here, GPT is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.