Molecular pathways activated in loPE CD14++ monocytes included: inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathway (JUN, GNA11, CXCR1, CXCL8, CCL3L3, CCL3, CCL4L1); apoptosis signaling pathway (TP53, HSPA6, HSPA1A, TNFRSF10C, JUN, HSD17B1); TGF-beta signaling pathway (CITED2, CITED4, JUN); Parkinson disease (HSPA1B, HSPA1A, HSPA6); and cholecystokinin receptor (CCKR) signaling map (ODC1, CXCL8, JUN) (Fig. 3b). Here, CXCR1 is linked to Parkinson disease.