The generation and activation of B cells and Bregs, in turn, is regulated by cancer-secreted factors, such as B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS/BAFF), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), colony-stimulating factors (M-CSF, GM-CSF, and G-CSF), and lipid mediators such as 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) metabolites5,7–11. This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and cancer.