As a compensatory mechanism against oxidative stress, Hg could increase the gene expression of proteins with antioxidant activity, including catalase, copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase, glutamate-cysteine ligase, thioredoxin reductase 1, manganese-superoxide dismutase, and can stimulate the antioxidant signaling pathway via direct interaction with the cysteine residues of the Keap1 and/or Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta/Fyn pathway [48], which the mentioned mechanism is protective against T2DM [49]. This evidence concerns the gene TXNRD1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.