Hence, it has been reported that in VPAC2-deficient mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ (Th1), and IL-17 (Th17)) increased, and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-4 (Th2)) decreased [86]. This evidence concerns the gene VIPR2 and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.