AKI was not associated with significant differences in the change in urine biomarker-to-creatinine ratio from the pre- to the post-hospitalization measurements: KIM-1/Cr + 9% (AKI group) vs + 7% (non-AKI group), MCP-1/Cr + 4% vs + 1%, YKL-40/Cr + 7% vs -20%, EGF/Cr -11% vs -8%, UMOD/Cr -2% vs -7% and albumin/Cr + 17% vs + 13% (all p > 0.05, Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and acute kidney injury.