IL18 and acute kidney injury: In the FRAIL-AKI study, Cooper et al. associated AKI with significant long-term (seven years) increases in urine KIM-1, IL-18, NGAL, and L-FABP, despite no differences in eGFR or albuminuria in a pediatric cardiac surgery population (N = 30 with AKI and 18 without AKI) [20].