Likewise, up-regulation of alpha 1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1) and actin gamma-1 (ACTG1) is also seen in tissue stress conditions.8, 9 The higher expressions of HBD, ACTG1, SERPINA1, and KRT1 in melasma may be due to oxidative stress sustained by mast cell tryptase activity and the secretory phenotype of upper dermis fibroblasts.3, 6. The gene discussed is SERPINA1; the disease is freckles.