MTOR and Insulin resistance: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are postulated to have anabolic effects through activation of the mTOR signaling pathway and lowering insulin resistance, both of which are implicated in sarcopenia, and CVD.13,41 In the VITAL trial, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation did not lower the overall incidence of a major CVD event (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.80-1.06; P = .24), although there was a significant effect on lower risk of myocardial infarction, fatal myocardial infarction, and total coronary heart disease.