lactis 420 (B420) was reported to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance and to decrease fat mass in dietary mouse models of diabetes and obesity,18 while the combined use of B420 with sitagliptin or metformin in diabetic mice was reported to be effective in reducing glycemic response and plasma glucose concentration.11 In other studies of experimental diabetes models, metformin plus prebiotic use was also reported to reduce hyperglycemia and adiposity and to improve FBG, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance, as compared with metformin alone.7,19,20. Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.