Mechanistically, the decrease in serum DNase activity in patients with lupus and other disorders has been attributed to the presence of DNase activity inhibitors including (a) mutations or SNPs in DNase1/DNase1L3,15, 17, 19, 20 (b) anti‐ds‐DNA/anti‐nucleosome antibodies which mask the extracellular DNA and prevent DNase from accessing them,11, 22 and (c) neutralizing autoantibodies against DNase1 and DNase1L3 which inhibits their enzymatic activity.21, 22. The gene discussed is DNASE1L3; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.