The five most impactful genes (Fig. 3 and Supplementary Tables 7–9) were LDLR (ischemic heart disease), BRCA2 (breast, ovarian, liver and prostate cancer, and COPD), MYBPC3 (cardiomyopathy and myocarditis), BRCA1 (breast and ovarian cancer) and MLH1 (colon and rectum cancer). Here, MLH1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.