Interestingly, cancer samples with low RagB/RagA ratios also had lower expression of each of the three GATOR1 subunits as compared with samples with RagB/RagA ratios greater than 0.5 (Extended Data Fig. 10j–l), consistent with the hypothesis that high RagB or low GATOR1 expression could be alternative mechanisms to confer nutrient stress resistance to cancer cells. This evidence concerns the gene RRAGA and cancer.