Ye et al. reported serum ORM1 expression is downregulated in stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients compared to healthy controls but is upregulated in stage IV patients, ORM1 expression was regulated by TGF-β and mediated by the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway30. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.