CD40LG and protozoa infectious disease: Effects on later sCD40L in the same direction and of comparable magnitude were observed for serum proline (–0.80; 95% CI, –1.54 to –0.06) and urinary mannitol (–0.67; 95% CI, –1.30 to –0.04), as well as for protozoal infections and, in the opposing direction, for lactulose, although in the latter two cases the CIs for the estimate narrowly spanned the null value.