MAPK8 and epilepsy: The expression level of both p-JNK and p-P38 in hippocampus tissue was elevated in the epilepsy group compared to the control group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively); however, their expressions were decreased in both the sodium valproate group and GAA group compared with the epilepsy group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively, Figures 11(c) and 8(d)).