By incubating Calu-1 cells with IMD-0354 (without subsequent viral infection), we also observed increased expression of IFN-β, CXCL10, and IL-6 with 15, 9, and 36-folds, respectively; and the activation of these genes was counteracted by BX795, a TBK1/IKKε inhibitor that blocks IFN-β production (Figure 7E and Table S5). Here, TBK1 is linked to viral infectious disease.