Through pathway analysis we identified that most kinase substrates that exhibited high kinase activity were part of the PI3K-akt pathway (p.value = 3.1E-3, Benjamini = 9.0E-2), whereas kinase substrates within the Rap1 signaling pathway (p.value = 1.7E-9, Benjamini= 1.9E-7) showed lower kinase activity in cancer, and higher in normal kidney tissue. Here, AKT1 is linked to cancer.