As shown in Table 1, there was no difference between the two groups on mean age (p = 0.131), gender (p = 0.408), PDR duration (p = 0.949), DM duration (p = 0.598), Diabetes therapy (Insulin: p = 0.577; Oral hypoglycemic agent: p = 0.620), PDR complex score (p = 0.908) and intravitreal anti-VEGF rate (p = 0.547). Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.