Yeung et al. (2019) found that targeting lactate dehydrogenase could modulate the transcription of EWS-FLI1, an oncogenic driver of EWS, to inhibit the tumor proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. In addition, lactate dehydrogenase activity was shown to be a marker for the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in EWS patients (Fu et al., 2016; Shapiro et al., 2018). The gene discussed is FLI1; the disease is neoplasm.