A study on a diabetic nephropathy (DN) model demonstrated that activation of AGE/RAGE signaling stimulates NADPH oxidase-mediated production of ROS, which subsequently activates the UPR, resulting in the alleviation of ERS (Pathomthongtaweechai and Chutipongtanate, 2020). Here, FMO5 is linked to liver dysplastic nodule.