TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: In addition, the application of drugs such as 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), mercaptopurine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and anti-tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in IBD patients can reduce the incidence of CRC in IBD (Wijnands et al., 2021), which also appears to demonstrate an association between IBD and CRC.