In addition, the application of drugs such as 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), mercaptopurine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and anti-tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in IBD patients can reduce the incidence of CRC in IBD (Wijnands et al., 2021), which also appears to demonstrate an association between IBD and CRC. Here, TNF is linked to colorectal carcinoma.