ESR1 and inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review found that certain individual genes were hypermethylated in colitis-related cancers: RUNX3, MINT1, MYOD and p16 exon one and promoter regions of EYA4 and ESR, and DNA methylation patterns differ between IBD-related CRC and Sporadic CRC (sCRC) (Emmett et al., 2017).