PDPN and central nervous system cancer: We found that worse survival was associated with gene cluster A which was characterized by more infiltrating immune cells and fibroblasts in the TME, compared to gene cluster B. A total of eight featured ACAFRGs were determined to discriminate the two gene clusters, namely, FAM110B, RBP1, FKBP9, MSN, PDPN, TIMP1, EMP3, and CHI3L1, based on which a nomogram with robust performance was constructed to predict the probability to be grouped into gene cluster A for each glioma patient.