Likewise, apigenin attenuated carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)– and bile duct ligature (BDL)–induced liver fibrosis by alleviating autophagy and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation via activating PPARα and inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad3 and p38 pathways [102]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to Hepatic fibrosis.