TGFB1 and Myocardial fibrosis: In diabetic cardiomyopathy, resveratrol inhibits myocardial fibrosis during hyperglycemic conditions by suppressing the ROS/ERK/TGF-β/periostin and TGF-β1/Smad3 pathways, along with modulating the SIRT1/CDK2-associated cullin 1 (CACUL1)/PPARγ axis [42].