PPARA and familial hypercholesterolemia: Furthermore, curcumin drives PPARα activation by regulating mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, down-regulating sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) through suppression of LXR/RXR formation, inhibiting acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), interfering with NF-κB and AP-1, and upregulating apolipoprotein A-I (Apo-AI), apolipoprotein A-II (Apo-AII), and mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, thereby protecting against hypercholesterolemia and subsequent atherosclerosis [11, 12].