PPARA and cardiac hypertrophy: In renovascular hypertensive rats, it improved cardiac hypertrophy and glucolipid metabolism by directly inhibiting angiotensin II and hypoxia inducible factor-lα (HIF-1α), and subsequently diminishing PPARγ and increasing PPARα led to modulation of myocardial CPT-1, pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4 (PDK-4), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT),and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) proteins [104].