HSPA1L and Nephropathy: In addition to this, in order to investigate the role of the vaspin-HSPA1L (heat shock protein family A member 1 like) complex in the development of DKD, the present study made use of patients with obesity-related nephropathy and DKD as well as high-fat and high-glucose-induced mice as models, and then concluded that the vapsin/HSPA1L-mediated pathway played a role in ER stress, impaire autophagy and lysosomal function (Nakatsuka et al., 2021).