AKT1 and diabetic kidney disease: Carbon monoxide positively regulated autophagy via the Beclin-1-Bcl-2 pathway in the DKD model to protect the kidney from injury and aging; meanwhile, wogonin attenuated renal fibrosis by targeting PI3K/AKT/NF-κB to regulate renal inflammation and autophagic activity (Chen L. et al., 2021; Lei et al., 2021).