The results showed that TCZ at concentrations of 10 and 25 μg/ml significantly suppressed pSTAT3 levels in rhIL-6-treated KKU-055 cells (Figure 4A, lane 4 and 5) and KKU-213A (Figure 4B, lane 4 and 5), indicating that TCZ inhibited the interaction of CAFs and CCA cells mediated by IL-6/STAT3 axis. This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and cholangiocarcinoma.