IL-6 is an inflammatory molecule which is produced and secreted by various cell types that confer an aggressive behavior and poor response to therapies in many cancers as well as CCA (Frampton et al., 2012; Kumari et al., 2016; Thongchot et al., 2018; Thongchot et al., 2021). The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.