According to several studies mentioned above, exosomes have the ability to participate in processes such as inflammation and immunity, ECM deposition, and EMT in PF, which is associated with the ability of exosomes to regulate inflammatory cell infiltration, immune cell proliferation, and fibroblast proliferation and differentiation in the lung, as well as to influence cytokines such as TGF-β1. Here, TGFB1 is linked to pemphigus foliaceus.