INS and diabetes mellitus: The pathophysiological factors in patients with diabetes that drive the development of cardiomyopathy include oxidative stress (Tang et al., 2019), insulin resistance, inflammation (Jia et al., 2018a), autophagy (Dewanjee et al., 2021), cell apoptosis (Zhang et al., 2016), and pyroptosis (Shi et al., 2021).