ACTA1 and atrial fibrillation: Trends supporting the fluorescence microscopy αSMA expression analysis were also observed for mRNA expression, where conditioned media from macrophages adhered to lysate-conditioned TeflonTM AF (R = 3.8 ± 1.0 and log2NRQ p = 0.12 vs. control) or TeflonTM AF with Pam3SCK4 (R = 3.1 ± 0.9 and log2NRQ p = 0.20 vs. control) increased the fibroblast mRNA expression of αSMA.