Some tumor suppressor proteins such as p27, p53, and p21 are activated and upregulated differently after renal injury (e.g., oxidative stress, toxins, ischemia, sepsis, inflammation, etc.)(Ortega and Heung, 2018), with IGFBP7 directly increasing the expression of p53 and p21, while TIMP-2 enhances the expression of p27. Here, TP53 is linked to ischemia.