KRAS and colorectal carcinoma: Modeling recurrent mutations in CRC, a group induced five cDNAs and knockdown siRNAs as transgenes in the fly hindgut, including KRAS (fly ras), TP53 (p53), PTEN (pten), SMAD4 (Med), and APC (apc) by using the byn (brachyenteron) enhancer/promoter (Table 1).