We sought to evaluate individuals with rare germline VUS in MMR genes (PMS2, MLH1, MSH2, or MSH6), SDHx genes (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, or SDHAF2), and TP53 gene in individuals who are suspected of having LS, hereditary PGL/PCC, and LFS, respectively. Here, PMS2 is linked to Leigh syndrome.