PVR and infection: In support, a phase I clinical trial result evaluating intratumorally administered lerapolturev in patients with unresectable and PD-1 ICI treatment-refractory melanoma revealed that one patient (Patient #11) who was negative for CD155 in pretreatment tumor biopsy (biopsy had small area of viable tumor on the slide, but rather contained abundant CD155+ abundant pigment-laden macrophages) showed partial response to treatment per immune-related response criteria (irRC), suggesting that antitumor response may have been achieved via infection of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (120).