ICAM-1 expression level in the tumors was shown to correlate with higher virus infectivity and no virus was detectable by IHC in adjacent stromal areas; another entry molecule DAF was also expressed at a high level across all tumor biopsy of patients, showing that V937 infection/replication was dependent on high level of ICAM-1 and DAF expression in NMIBC tumors. Here, ICAM1 is linked to infection.