For instance, preliminary phase I/II trial results of RP-1 (an oHSV armed with GM-CSF and a truncated highly fusogenic form of the envelope glycoprotein of gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV-GP-R) to enhance immunogenic cell death) in combination with nivolumab (NCT03767348) have been demonstrating promising therapeutic efficacy in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer patients refractory to ICI therapy. Here, CSF2 is linked to melanoma.