Despite significant improvements in survival of patients with pancreatic cancers by combination of interferon-alpha (IFN) and chemoradiation in clinical trials (16-36% increase in 2-year survival and 35% increase in 5-year survival), it demonstrated limited overall efficacy due to systemic toxicity of IFN and low intratumoral level of the cytokine (187, 188). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is pancreatic neoplasm.