Most of these differentially expressed genes (IL10, SOCS3, IL1RN, IL6, VCAM1, IL1R1, CCL4, GATA3, LBP, ICAM1 and PF4) are associated with the host viral defence as well as the repair of tissue damage and, in particular, can lead to endothelial dysfunction and increased vascular permeability in liver tissue, further causing the development of vascular leakage. Here, IL1RN is linked to endothelial dysfunction.