Cancer cells undergoing ICD require cell surface calreticulin (CRT) exposure, induction of EIF2α-dependent reticulum stress, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and ATP release, and the expression of type 1 IFNs (Ifnα1 and Ifnβ1) and chemokines (Cxcl 9 and Cxcl 10) (38, 39). Here, CALR is linked to cancer.