Previous reports have shown that patients with ANE carrying the RANBP2 gene mutations usually suffer from infections at the beginning of their illness, which are caused by influenza virus, parainfluenza and Bocavirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that the infection by different pathogens might be a trigger factor for ANE onset in patients with RANBP2 gene mutations (20, 21). Here, RANBP2 is linked to infection.