Metformin, a biguanide compound commonly used for treating diabetes, has shown great potential in CRC treatment (Higurashi and Nakajima, 2018), as suggested by its capability to activate AMPK and inhibit TGF-β/PI3K/AKT signaling transduction (Xiao et al., 2022). The gene discussed is PIK3CA; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.