These results indicate that (i) the effects of antibiotic and probiotic treatment in the context of combined LDR + HFD-related insulin resistance need to be further investigated and that (ii) the role of PYCR1 in mediating Akt/mTOR signalling in LDR + HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction needs to be confirmed. This evidence concerns the gene PYCR1 and Insulin resistance.