Transforming growth factor-beta 1 and interleukin-10-producing DNT cells are associated with the control of chronic immune activation, which plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and is a key predictor of progression to AIDS.[9,10] Furthermore, DNT cells seem to be involved in the immune reconstitution occurring during ART and to predict future immune activation.[9] This immunoregulatory function might explain the persistence of high levels of immune activation in PWH nonresponding to long-term ART, whose DNT cell levels were shown to be only partially restored[9]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is HIV infectious disease.