In the present study, we showed that macrophages induced to polarize toward the M2 phenotype by glioma cell-derived exosomal miR-3591-3p could promote glioma invasion and migration by secreting IL10 and TGFβ, contributing to sustained crosstalk between tumor cells and TAMs and creating a malignant microenvironment promoting tumor formation. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and central nervous system cancer.