All together our data revealing that the peroxisomal VLCFA transporter ABCD1, a protein associated with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, and VLCFAs are targeted by both viral and antiviral host-cell strategies may fuel further research aimed to clarify the complex coevolution of pathogens and their hosts and potential links to neuroinflammation. Here, ABCD1 is linked to X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.