Despite the accumulation of VLCFAs upon EBV infection and the suppression of both ABCD1 and ABCD2, the expression of genes encoding enzymes participating in the peroxisomal β-oxidation of VLCFAs (acyl-CoA oxidase 1, ACOX1; hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 4, HSD17B4 and acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1, ACAA1/thiolase) were upregulated (Fig. 2e). The gene discussed is HSD17B4; the disease is Epstein-Barr virus infection.