Furthermore, cleaved caspase 3 staining and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay were performed on these samples, and both intracranial and subcutaneous tumours showed more stained cells in the Chb-M′-treated samples, supporting the induction of apoptosis by Chb-M′ in vivo. Here, CASP3 is linked to neoplasm.