The identified independent biomarkers include CX3CL1 (associated with all-cause dementia), EN-RAGE (associated with all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease), LAP TGF-beta-1 (associated with Alzheimer’s disease), and VEGF-A (associated with vascular dementia). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.