Referring to IL-1β, the downstream cytokine of the NLRP3 inflammasome, whose multiple effects are observed in all stages of atherosclerosis, it initiates an inflammatory response in ECs by triggering the expression of adhesion factors and chemokines and allowing inflammatory cells to accumulate in blood vessels and penetrate the intima, which is associated with initiation of inflammation in atherosclerosis (90). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and atherosclerosis.