Taking SCFAs as an example, the safety and effectiveness of exogenous supplemental SCFAs, as well as their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, the precise mechanisms between the SCFAs at various concentrations and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in atherosclerosis, and the dearth of well-designed and controlled human intervention studies, to name a few, still remain open questions. Here, NLRP3 is linked to atherosclerosis.