TXNRD1 and Alzheimer disease: After treatment with exosomes secreted from the stem cells of amniotic fluid (AFSC-exos), the expression levels of GSH, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), the antioxidant enzyme thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), the antioxidant enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR2), and glutathione peroxidase were elevated, thereby leading to a decrease in the ROS level in the neurons of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (FAD).