IL4 and asthma: The three subfamilies of MAPKs have been involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, and JNK and P-38, in particular, are more closely associated with asthmatic airway inflammation, which can cause high expression of downstream factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-4 and IL-5, respectively (Dong et al., 2002; Pahl et al., 2002; Khorasanizadeh et al., 2017).