Furthermore, a recent study has demonstrated that C/BEP homologous protein (CHOP) plays a significant role in the progression of renal fibrosis, likely through autophagy and apoptosis, as evidenced by UUO-induced kidney fibrosis alleviated in the Chop−/− than Chop+/+ mice (Noh et al., 2018). The gene discussed is DDIT3; the disease is renal fibrosis.