Moreover, mTOR-independent autophagy-inducing pharmaceutical agents such as trehalose, geniposide, sarsasapogenin, sulforaphane, salvianolic acid B, hyperoside, metformin, which were also verified in some kidney diseases models (Liu et al., 2018; Li et al., 2019b; Xu et al., 2020a; Fan et al., 2020; He et al., 2020; Lu et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2020; Li et al., 2021b). Here, MTOR is linked to kidney disorder.