Some anti-inflammatory agents, including ω-3 PUFAs, oleanolic acid, baicalin, aloin, kaempferol, chrysophanol, and polydatin suppress the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway through activating SIRT1 (Matsuzawa-Ishimoto et al., 2017), and can yield improvements in neuroinflammation, arthritis, hepatocyte inflammation, and complications resulting from diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene SIRT1 and diabetes mellitus.